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前列腺癌個案年創新高 誰應接受篩查?
▲趙家鋒醫生-香港中文大學醫學院, 泌尿外科副教授 根據醫管局最新公布的癌症統計數字,本港2019年前列腺癌新症個案達2532宗,位列男性常見癌症第三位,較2009年的1484宗,升幅達七成,是各癌症之中升幅最快的。 本港約26% 前列腺癌患者在確診時已屆晚期,屬無法根治的轉移性前列腺癌,而歐美僅約10-15%。那麼,我們應該怎樣去檢測前列腺癌?重點是需要一個有系統的篩查方法,在避免過度診斷的同時,亦能揪出早期及具有風險的前列腺癌,提升根治的機會。 前列腺特異抗原(Prostate Specific Antigen, PSA) 這是一項血液測試,乃前列腺癌篩查的第一步,自90年代沿用至今。PSA值高於4ng/ml 為高於正常,以往的病人一律被建議作入侵性的前列腺穿刺活檢(抽針),惟他們當中有75-85%最終證實沒有患上前列腺癌。事實上,PSA 值可以因良性前列腺增生或尿道炎等原因而高於正常,不一定是前列腺癌。男士接受抽針檢查須承受相關併發症風險,包括出血、發炎和短期排尿困難等。所以,PSA只是診斷前列腺癌的第一步,若高於正常,就要進行下一步的血液、尿液、或影像診斷以評估抽針檢查的需要。 前列腺健康指數(Prostate Health Index, PHI) PHI是一項血液測試,以評估PSA值高的男士中患上前列腺癌的機率。PHI 評分越高,風險越高。若PHI值小於35,患上前列腺癌的風險較低(3-7%),建議繼續監測PSA的趨勢;若PHI在35或以上,患上前列腺癌的風險較高(約25-40%),建議接受磁力共振掃描(MRI)及/或前列腺抽針檢查。 PHI測試已於2016年引進醫管局,提供予PSA 4-20ng/dL的男士。恰當使用PHI可有效減少七至八成PSA高的男士進行不必要的抽針檢查,減少病人的風險,並將資源集中於高風險(PHI值高)的男士。 尿精胺檢測(Urine spermine test) 這是一種嶄新的無創前列腺癌檢測方法,由香港中文大學及浸會大學以在香港的男士為對象研發,只需收集20至30毫升的尿液便可檢測出尿精胺水平,結合直腸指檢結果、PSA水平及前列腺體積,得出「精胺風險評分」,可更準確評估前列腺癌的風險。利用這尿精胺檢測可以避免部分男士接受不必要的抽針檢查,惟這項檢測暫時並非公立醫院的恆常檢測。 磁力共振掃描(MRI) 昔日大多利用超聲波引導進行前列腺抽針檢查,惟超聲波並不能有效分辨良性前列腺增生或前列腺癌,這樣的抽針缺乏針對性,且隨機式的抽針有機會遺漏了癌症。目前泌尿外科醫生可利用磁力共振-超聲波融合導航定位,找出前列腺中疑似有腫瘤的位置,大大提高命中率。
Uro-Oncology Asia 2021
Registration of Hong Kong Society of Uro-oncology (HKSUO) Uro-Oncology Asia 2021 started.Date: 16-17 January 2021 (Sat – Sun)For details and
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